Black-throated Mango
Anthracothorax nigricollis
Order: Apodiformes / Family: Trochilidae
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About the Black-throated Mango
The Black-throated Mango, scientifically known as Anthracothorax nigricollis, is a vibrant hummingbird species found primarily in the neotropical regions of Central and South America. This bird is particularly known for its dazzling iridescent plumage, with the male exhibiting a conspicuous black stripe running down the throat and chest, bordered by a vibrant green on either side. Females, while less striking, still possess a beautiful emerald sheen. In terms of ecological significance, the Black-throated Mango plays a crucial role in pollination, as it feeds on nectar from a variety of flowering plants, facilitating the cross-pollination necessary to sustain these ecosystems. This species is often found in diverse habitats, ranging from lowland tropical forests to semi-open areas like gardens and plantations, where its preference for flowering plants can be satisfied. The bird's presence across such a wide range of regions, from Panama in Central America to Brazil and Argentina in the south, highlights its adaptability to different environments. Seasonally, the Black-throated Mango does not undertake long migratory journeys like some other hummingbird species. Instead, it tends to shift locally, moving in response to the availability of flowering resources. This behavior ensures that the bird remains in habitats where it can access sufficient food supplies throughout the year. During the breeding season, which varies slightly depending on latitude, males engage in elaborate aerial displays to attract females. These displays are not only a spectacle for observers but also an essential component of their reproductive strategy, ensuring that only the fittest males pass on their genes. In addition to its ecological role, the Black-throated Mango serves as an important indicator species for the health of tropical ecosystems. Changes in its population can reflect broader environmental changes, making it a species of interest for conservationists and ecologists alike.
The Black-throated Mango belongs to the family Trochilidae, within the order Apodiformes. These birds typically live average 3-5 years, with a maximum recorded of 8 years..
How to Identify a Black-throated Mango
Identifying the Black-throated Mango involves observing several key field marks. Adult males are distinguished by their metallic green upperparts and a prominent black stripe running from the throat down to the belly, bordered by iridescent green. This distinctive plumage makes them relatively easy to spot when light conditions are favorable. Females, on the other hand, lack the bold black stripe but exhibit a similar green upperpart with a white underbelly often tinged with greenish sides. Juveniles resemble females but may show a more muted coloration until they mature. In flight, the Black-throated Mango displays rapid wing beats typical of hummingbirds, with a silhouette characterized by a slightly curved bill and tapered tail. When perched, they often sit upright on exposed branches, making their iridescent colors more visible. Confusion with other species is possible, particularly with similar-sized hummingbirds like the Blue-chinned Sapphire. However, the Black-throated Mango's distinct black and green patterning helps differentiate it. Observers should note the bird's behavior and habitat, as these can also provide clues to accurate identification.
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Black-throated Mango Habitat and Range
Preferred Habitat
The Black-throated Mango inhabits a range of tropical environments, primarily favoring lowland rainforests, forest edges, and secondary growth areas. It is also commonly found in human-modified landscapes, such as gardens and plantations, where flowering plants are abundant. This adaptability allows the species to thrive from sea level up to around 1,500 meters in elevation. While typically preferring moist environments, the Black-throated Mango can also be observed in drier regions during certain times of the year if floral resources are available. Unlike some hummingbirds, it is not strictly tied to pristine forest habitats and is thus a more common sight in urban and suburban areas where gardens and feeders attract them. Seasonally, the bird may move within its range in response to the blooming cycles of various plant species, ensuring a steady food supply.
Geographic Range
The Black-throated Mango's range extends broadly across Central and South America, from southern Panama through the Amazon basin and down into eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. It is a non-migratory species, but individuals may undertake local movements to exploit seasonal variations in food availability. The bird is most densely populated in regions where flowering plants are abundant, such as the coastal areas of northern Brazil and the Andean foothills. In parts of its range, the species is a common resident, particularly in areas that provide suitable nesting sites and feeding opportunities. Despite its wide distribution, local population densities can vary significantly, influenced by habitat quality and human activities.
Want to know which birds visit your area? Browse our backyard birds by location guides for region-specific species lists.
What Does the Black-throated Mango Eat?
The primary diet of the Black-throated Mango consists of nectar from a variety of flowering plants. It exhibits a preference for brightly colored, tubular flowers that are rich in nectar, such as those of the Heliconia and Hibiscus species. This dietary choice not only sustains the bird but also facilitates pollination. In addition to nectar, the Black-throated Mango supplements its diet with small insects and spiders, providing essential proteins and nutrients. This supplementation is particularly important during the breeding season when energy demands are high. The bird employs a hovering flight technique to feed, allowing it to access flowers that other birds might find challenging to reach. Feeding typically occurs throughout the day, with peak activity during the early morning and late afternoon when flower nectar production is at its highest.
Want to attract Black-throated Mangos to your yard? See our recommended feeders and seed types for the best results.
Black-throated Mango Behavior and Social Structure
The Black-throated Mango displays a range of interesting behaviors, particularly in terms of its social and territorial interactions. Males are highly territorial, often defending prime feeding areas vigorously against intruders. This territoriality is crucial during the breeding season when males engage in elaborate courtship displays to attract females. These displays involve impressive aerial acrobatics and vocalizations, designed to showcase the male's fitness and attract potential mates. Outside the breeding season, the Black-throated Mango is generally solitary, although it may be seen in loose aggregations at abundant food sources. The species tends to be most active during the cooler parts of the day, such as early morning and late afternoon, when it forages intensively. In response to predators, the Black-throated Mango relies on its agility and speed, often outmaneuvering larger birds. Its small size and rapid flight make it difficult for predators to capture, though it remains vigilant, often pausing between feeding bouts to scan for potential threats.
Black-throated Mango Nesting and Reproduction
Nesting for the Black-throated Mango involves constructing a small, cup-shaped nest, often situated on a horizontal branch or in a fork. The nest is meticulously crafted using plant fibers, spider silk, and other fine materials, providing a secure environment for the eggs. The female is solely responsible for nest construction and incubation, laying typically two white eggs per clutch. The incubation period lasts about 15 to 18 days, after which the chicks hatch. Once hatched, the young are altricial, requiring significant parental care before fledging. The female continues to care for the chicks, feeding them through regurgitation until they are ready to leave the nest, approximately 20 to 24 days post-hatching. The Black-throated Mango can produce multiple broods per year, particularly in regions where food resources remain abundant throughout the breeding season.
Black-throated Mango Sounds and Vocalizations
The Black-throated Mango produces a series of sharp, high-pitched calls, often described as 'tseet' or 'zit' notes. These calls are used primarily for communication between individuals and as part of their territorial displays. During the breeding season, males become more vocal, incorporating a series of rapid, buzzy notes into their courtship displays. These melodic sounds, although not as complex as true songs, play a crucial role in attracting females. Alarm calls are quick, sharp notes that serve to alert other birds to the presence of predators or other threats. While not known for a dawn chorus, the Black-throated Mango's vocalizations can be heard throughout the day, becoming most prevalent during periods of increased social interaction.
Interesting Facts About the Black-throated Mango
- 1The Black-throated Mango can flap its wings up to 70 times per second, allowing it to hover efficiently while feeding.
- 2Despite its small size, the Black-throated Mango can travel up to 30 miles per day in search of food.
- 3This species has a heart rate that can reach up to 1,260 beats per minute during periods of intense activity.
- 4The Black-throated Mango is known to visit over 1,000 flowers in a single day, showcasing its critical role in pollination.
- 5Unlike many birds, the Black-throated Mango can fly backwards, a common trait among hummingbirds.
- 6During courtship displays, males can perform aerial dives from heights of over 100 feet to impress females.
- 7The iridescent colors of the Black-throated Mango are not due to pigments but rather microscopic structures in the feathers that refract light.
Black-throated Mango Conservation Status
The Black-throated Mango is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with stable population trends across much of its range. However, habitat destruction and fragmentation pose significant long-term threats, particularly in areas where deforestation is rampant. Conservation efforts focus on preserving critical habitats and promoting sustainable land-use practices. Historically, the species has shown resilience to habitat changes, particularly given its adaptability to human-altered landscapes. Nevertheless, ongoing monitoring is essential to ensure that population levels remain stable and that any emerging threats are promptly addressed.
Attracting Black-throated Mangos to Your Feeder
The Black-throated Mango is a regular visitor to backyard bird feeders across its range. At the Eye On The Fly feeding station, we observe Black-throated Mangos regularly and capture footage with our feeder cameras.
