Black-winged Ground-Dove

Metriopelia melanoptera

Order: Columbiformes / Family: Columbidae

Wikimedia Commons

black gray white medium mountain grassland year-round common widespread

About the Black-winged Ground-Dove

The Black-winged Ground-Dove (Metriopelia melanoptera) is a fascinating member of the Columbidae family, native to the mountainous regions of South America. This medium-sized bird is highly adapted to life at high elevations and is primarily found in the Andes, ranging from central Peru to northwestern Argentina. Its presence is significant in these ecosystems, as it plays a crucial role in seed dispersal, contributing to the health and regeneration of high-altitude grasslands and shrublands. The Black-winged Ground-Dove is a year-round resident in its range, showing remarkable resilience to the harsh conditions of its habitat. It thrives in open areas with sparse vegetation, often seen foraging on the ground in search of seeds and small insects. In the colder months, these doves may descend slightly in elevation to avoid the harshest winter conditions, although they generally remain within their breeding range. Their ability to adapt to fluctuating temperatures and altitudes highlights their ecological importance in maintaining the balance of these unique environments. Throughout the year, the Black-winged Ground-Dove maintains a relatively low profile, often spotted in small groups or pairs. Their calls, though not melodious, are distinctive and serve as an important form of communication among individuals. By understanding the habits and habitats of the Black-winged Ground-Dove, ornithologists and nature enthusiasts can gain insight into the complex ecosystems of the Andean mountain ranges.

The Black-winged Ground-Dove belongs to the family Columbidae, within the order Columbiformes. These birds typically live typically 5-8 years, with some living up to 10 years in the wild..

How to Identify a Black-winged Ground-Dove

The Black-winged Ground-Dove is recognizable by its medium size and distinctive plumage. Adults exhibit a predominantly gray body with a slight pinkish hue on the breast, which can be more pronounced in certain lights. The most striking feature is the black patch on the wings, visible both at rest and in flight, which contrasts with the otherwise pale gray wings. The tail is relatively long and shows white edges, particularly evident when the bird is in flight. Juveniles appear similar to adults but have a more muted color palette, lacking the subtle pinkish tint and often showing less defined black wing patches. Males and females are similar in appearance, although males may exhibit slightly more vibrant coloration. In the field, the Black-winged Ground-Dove can be confused with the related Bare-faced Ground-Dove, but the latter lacks the distinctive black wing patches. When perched, the Black-winged Ground-Dove maintains an upright posture, which can help distinguish it from other ground-dwelling Columbidae. In flight, the notable wing pattern and tail edges serve as reliable identification markers, even from a distance.

Having trouble telling birds apart? Upload a photo to our bird identification tool for an instant species match.

Black-winged Ground-Dove Habitat and Range

Preferred Habitat

The Black-winged Ground-Dove inhabits high-altitude environments, primarily in the Andes. It favors open grasslands and shrublands between 2,000 and 4,500 meters, where it can forage with minimal competition. These birds are well-adapted to the rugged terrain and sparse vegetation of their mountainous habitat. While primarily a resident of remote regions, the Black-winged Ground-Dove occasionally ventures into sparsely populated rural areas, particularly during the non-breeding season. Its presence is less common in urban settings, as it prefers the solitude and resources available in natural landscapes. Seasonal shifts in elevation occur as these doves move to slightly lower altitudes during colder months to escape harsh weather conditions.

Geographic Range

The Black-winged Ground-Dove's range stretches across the Andes of South America, from central Peru through Bolivia and into northwestern Argentina and northern Chile. It is a non-migratory species, generally remaining within its breeding range throughout the year. However, slight altitudinal movements are observed in response to seasonal changes. The highest population densities occur in regions with abundant grasslands and sparse shrub cover, such as the altiplano of Bolivia and northwestern Argentina. These areas provide optimal foraging conditions and breeding sites, contributing to the bird's stable populations in these specific locales.

Want to know which birds visit your area? Browse our backyard birds by location guides for region-specific species lists.

What Does the Black-winged Ground-Dove Eat?

The diet of the Black-winged Ground-Dove primarily consists of seeds, which it skillfully extracts from the ground using its robust bill. It also consumes small insects, particularly during the breeding season when protein is essential for chick development. This bird is a ground forager, often seen pecking at the soil in search of food. Its diet shifts slightly with the seasons, incorporating more insect matter in warmer months when these are more abundant. The doves typically feed during the cooler parts of the day, such as early morning and late afternoon, minimizing exposure to the sun at high altitudes. Their feeding strategy involves walking slowly with their heads down, carefully picking up seeds and insects scattered across the ground.

Black-winged Ground-Dove Behavior and Social Structure

The Black-winged Ground-Dove exhibits a predominantly solitary or small group lifestyle, often seen in pairs or small flocks. It displays moderate territorial behavior, with males establishing small territories during the breeding season. Vocalizations play a significant role in maintaining territories, with males producing repetitive calls to ward off intruders. Courtship involves a series of bowing displays and soft cooing sounds, as the male attempts to attract a mate. Once paired, the doves exhibit strong pair bonds, often seen foraging and resting together. The species demonstrates a cautious approach to predators, relying on its camouflaged plumage and swift flight to escape threats. Daily activity patterns include periods of foraging interspersed with rest, typically during the midday heat.

Black-winged Ground-Dove Nesting and Reproduction

Nesting for the Black-winged Ground-Dove involves constructing a simple platform of twigs, grasses, and other plant materials. Nests are typically situated in low shrubs or on the ground, well-concealed by surrounding vegetation. The female lays 1-2 eggs per clutch, which she incubates for approximately 12-14 days. Both parents share incubation duties and participate in feeding the chicks. The young fledge around 15-18 days after hatching, remaining dependent on their parents for a short period thereafter. The species generally raises one brood per year, although favorable conditions may allow for a second brood. Parental roles are shared, with both male and female contributing to all stages of nesting and chick-rearing.

Black-winged Ground-Dove Sounds and Vocalizations

The Black-winged Ground-Dove's primary song consists of a series of short, low-pitched coos, delivered in a rhythmic pattern. These calls serve to establish territory and communicate between mates. In addition to the main song, the doves produce soft, repetitive cooing sounds during courtship displays. Alarm calls are sharp and abrupt, alerting other doves to potential danger. While not renowned for a diverse vocal repertoire, the sounds of the Black-winged Ground-Dove are crucial for social interactions and maintaining pair bonds. The dawn chorus, though softer than that of many birds, marks the beginning of their daily activities and reinforces territorial boundaries.

Interesting Facts About the Black-winged Ground-Dove

1The Black-winged Ground-Dove can be found at elevations up to 4,500 meters, showcasing its remarkable adaptation to high-altitude life.
2Unlike many doves, the Black-winged Ground-Dove is more often seen walking than perching, reflecting its ground-dwelling habits.
3During courtship displays, male Black-winged Ground-Doves produce a unique bowing motion accompanied by soft coos.
4These doves play a vital role in their ecosystem by dispersing seeds, aiding in the regeneration of Andean grasslands.
5The Black-winged Ground-Dove's distinctive black wing patches help differentiate it from other dove species in the Andes.

Black-winged Ground-Dove Conservation Status

The Black-winged Ground-Dove is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, with stable population trends across its range. However, habitat degradation, particularly due to agricultural expansion and mining activities in the Andes, poses potential threats. Conservation efforts focus on habitat preservation and monitoring population dynamics to ensure long-term stability. Historical data suggests that the species has maintained relatively stable numbers, benefiting from its adaptability to various high-altitude habitats. Continued conservation initiatives are essential to mitigate emerging threats and support the resilience of the Black-winged Ground-Dove's populations.